Structure and Properties of Pseudo-Graphenes. Review

Аннотация

In this review, we consider structure and properties of pseudo-graphenes – graphene-like crystals with high density of non-hexagonal (defective or improper) carbon atomic rings. As an introduction, graphene and its properties are briefly described and disclination defects in graphene are considered. Then, numerous articles presenting graphene allotropes and carbon allotropes are analyzed. As a result, a term pseudo-graphene for description of materials with high density of improper carbon atomic rings arranged periodically is proposed and a unified classification of pseudo-graphenes regarding the materials from observed articles is suggested. The material chart is created based on proposed classification and material properties. In this chart, two categories are reviewed separately: sp² pseudo-graphenes and non-sp² pseudo-graphenes. The analyzed materials are subdivided into semiconductors, metals, semimetals, and superconductors.